Bruh free essay sample

Tuba discusses wrongdoing in the city, the war on drugs, the treatment of individuals of color by police and challenges of life in the ghetto. He makes an impression on all Americans that there should be an adjustment in this world. He additionally discusses neediness and how it prompts wrongdoing. Tuba says in his melody My stomach harms, so IM searching for a satchel to grab since individuals are poor they should carry out violations to take care of them and their families. Changes is about these issues African Americans face on the planet at this time.Tuba sees no progressions from the social equality development in the ass. The tune changes by Tuba Shaker is one of the rappers In this melody, numerous racial-profiling, neediness and prejudice influence the regular day to day existence of African-Americans. In the tune Changes, Tuba gives an inside gander at the every day life of a poor African-American. We will compose a custom exposition test on Bruh or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Tuba is by all accounts attempting to communicate the possibility that changes should be made so as to stop neediness and bigotry that African-Americans face each day. Tuba likewise censures the scattering of African-Americans over the plan to join together and defeat the destitution and prejudice they face. Articles concerning African-Americans shameful acts are being passed on.

D. H. Lawrences The Rocking-Horse Winner Essay -- Lawrence Rocking Ho

D. H. Lawrence's The Rocking-Horse Winner â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winner† is a short story by D. H. Lawrence in which he makes an analysis of the modernized world’s profound respect and want for material items. It was distributed in Harper’s Bazaar magazine in 1926 just because (E-Notes). The story’s fundamental character, Hester, is an excellent lady who is totally devoured by the possibility of ownership, thus she misses out on the adoration for family and the satisfaction of life. Her child, Paul, likewise figures out how to cherish riches in view of his careless mother, continually hearing the â€Å"whispers† of void pockets in their home. D. H. Lawrence utilizes the connection among Paul and Hester and their cash in â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winner† to show the weaknesses of vanity and the wrongness of appearances in the mid twentieth century society. Hester is acquainted with us in the story as an anonymous character, either â€Å"the woman† or â€Å"the mother†, making it obvious that there is an association with the normal individual. â€Å"There was a lady who was excellent, who began with all the favorable circumstances, yet she had no luck† (Lawrence 481). Lawrence starts his story by presenting the primary character, yet the principle question. What is karma? By uncovering Hester’s meaning of karma, Lawrence makes his scorn for his society’s requirement for pointless extravagances known. Hester accepts that karma is what empowers you to achieve riches, yet she doesn't accept that she has any. Obviously, Hester is encircled by multitudinous indications of riches: a house, workers, costly garments, expensive toys for her kids, and a high-society way of life. All she thinks about is keeping up the faã §ade of flawlessness, purchasing the most costly things just to look lovely with no activit y to... ...ty for ones own activities (E-notes). Lawrence utilizes his story, â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winner†, to show that riches is a wellspring of defilement which demolishes an individual and their bonds to their individual man. Individuals use cash to purchase the picture of themselves they need others to accept is the genuine one; be that as it may, Lawrence’s story drives one to see that affection and regard are not things that ought to have the option to be purchased and sold, and the world needs sympathy to endure. Works Cited Sanctions, Ann. â€Å"David Herbert Lawrence†. The Story and It’s Writer: An Introduction to Short Fiction. New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2003. Lawrence, D. H. â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winner†. The Story and It’s Writer: An Introduction to Short Fiction. Ed. Ann Charters. New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2003. â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winner† E-Notes. 10 Oct. 2004. <http://www.enotes.com/shaking horsewinner/>

History of the Quiché Maya - Popol Vuh

History of the Quichã © Maya - Popol Vuh The Popol Vuh (Council Book or Council Papers) is the most significant hallowed book of the Quichã ©; (or Kiche) Maya of the Guatemalan Highlands. The Popol Vuh is a significant book for seeing Late Postclassic and Early Colonial Maya religion, legend, and history, yet in addition since it additionally offers intriguing looks into Classic Period convictions. History of the Text The enduring content of the Popol Vuh was not written in Mayan hieroglyphics, yet rather is a transliteration into European content composed between 1554-1556 by somebody said to have been a Quichã © aristocrat. Between 1701-1703, the Spanish monk Francisco Ximenez found that variant where he was positioned in Chichicastenango, replicated it and made an interpretation of the record into Spanish. Ximenez interpretation is at present put away in the Newberry Library of Chicago. There are various forms of the Popol Vuh in interpretations in different dialects: the most popular in English is that of Mayanist Dennis Tedlock, initially distributed in 1985; Low et al. (1992) thought about the different English variants accessible in 1992 and commented that Tedlock drenched himself in the Mayan perspective as much as possible, yet by and to a great extent picked composition as opposed to the verse of the first. The Content of the Popol Vuh Presently it despite everything swells, presently it despite everything mumbles, swells, it despite everything moans, despite everything murmurs and is vacant under the sky (from Tedlocks third version, 1996, portraying the early stage world before creation) The Popol Vuh is a story of the cosmogony, history, and conventions of the Kiche Maya before the Spanish success in 1541. That account is introduced in three sections. The initial segment discusses the formation of the world and its first occupants; the second, likely the most acclaimed, portrays the narrative of the Hero Twins, two or three semi-divine beings; and the third part is the account of the Quichã © honorable family lines. Creation Myth As indicated by the Popol Vuh legend, toward the start of the world, there were just the two maker divine beings: Gucumatz and Tepeu. These divine beings chose to make earth out of the early stage ocean. When the earth was made, the divine beings populated it with creatures, however they before long understood that creatures couldn't talk and along these lines couldn't venerate them. Therefore, the divine beings made people and had the creatures job consigned to nourishment for people. This age of people was made out of mud, as were frail and were before long wrecked. As a third endeavor, the divine beings made men from wood and ladies from reeds. These individuals populated the world and multiplied, yet they before long overlooked their divine beings and were rebuffed with a flood. The rare sorts of people who endure were changed into monkeys. At long last, the divine beings chose to shape humanity from maize. This age, which incorporates the current human race, can revere and sustain the divine beings. In the portrayal of the Popol Vuh, the formation of the individuals of corn is gone before by the account of the Hero Twins. The Hero Twins Story The Hero Twins, Hunahpu, and Xbalanque were the children of Hun Hunahpu and a black market goddess named Xquic. As indicated by the legend, Hun Hunahpu and his twin sibling Vucub Hunahpu were persuaded by the masters of the black market to play a ball game with them. They were vanquished and yielded, and the head of Hun Hunahpu was put on a gourd tree. Xquic got away from the black market and was impregnated by the blood trickling from Hun Hunahpu’s head and brought forth the second era of legend twins, Hunahpu and Xbalanque. Hunahpu and Xbalanque lived on the earth with their grandma, the mother of the principal Hero Twins, and became extraordinary ballplayers. At some point, as had happened to their dad, they were welcome to play a ball game with the Lords of Xibalba, the black market, yet dissimilar to their dad, they were not crushed and stood all the tests and deceives posted by the black market divine beings. With a last stunt, they figured out how to murder the Xibalba masters and to restore their dad and uncle. Hunahpu and Xbalanque at that point arrived at the sky where they turned into the sun and moon, though Hun Hunahpu turned into the divine force of corn, who rises each yearâ from the earth to offer life to the individuals. The Origins of the Quichã © Dynasties The last piece of the Popol Vuh portrays the account of the primary individuals made from corn by the tribal couple, Gucumatz and Tepeu. Among these were the organizers of the Quichã © respectable administrations. They had the option to adulate the divine beings and meandered the world until they arrived at a legendary spot where they could get the divine beings into holy packages and take them home. The book closes with the rundown of the Quichã © genealogies up until the sixteenth century. How Old is the Popol Vuh? Albeit early researchers accepted that the living Maya had no memory of the Popol Vuh, a few gatherings hold impressive information on the narratives, and new information have driven most Mayanists to acknowledge that some type of the Popol Vuh has been integral to the Maya religion in any event since the Maya Late Classic Period. A few researchers, for example, Prudence Rice have contended for an a lot more established date. Components of the account in the Popol Vuh contends Rice, seem to originate before the late Archaic division of language families and schedules. Further, the story of the one-legged ophidian powerful who is related with downpour, lightning, life, and creation is related with Maya rulers and dynastic authenticity since their commencement. Refreshed by K. Kris Hirst Sources Word reference of Archaeology.Carlsen RS, and Prechtel M. 1991. The Flowering of the Dead: An Interpretation of Highland Maya Culture. Man 26(1):23-42.Knapp BL. 1997. The Popol Vuh: Primordial Mother Participates in the Creation. Confluencia 12(2):31-48.Low D, Morley S, Goetz D, Recinos A, xe, Edmonson M, and Tedlock D. 1992. A Comparison of English interpretations of a Mayan message, the Popol Vuh. Studies in American Indian Literatures 4(2/3):12-34.Miller ME, and Taube K. 1997. An Illustrated Dictionary of The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya. London: Thames and Hudson.Paulinyi Z. 2014. The butterfly feathered creature god and his legend at Teotihuacan. Ancient Mesoamerica 25(01):29-48.Rice PM. 2012. Congruities in Maya political talk: Kawiils, katuns, and kennings. Ancient Mesoamerica 23(01):103-114.Sharer RJ. 2006. The Ancient Maya. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.Tedlock D. 1982. Perusing the Popol Vuh over the shoulder of a seer and discoverin g whats so amusing. Conjunctions 3:176-185. Tedlock D. 1996. The Popol Vuh: Definitive Edition of the Maya Book of the Dawn of Life and the Glories of Gods and Kings. New York: Touchstone.Woodruff JM. 2011. Ma(r)king Popol Vuh. Romance Notes 51(1):97-106.

The Killer Angels Essays (1374 words) - , Term Papers

The Killer Angels Wars have been battled for a wide range of reasons as the years progressed, and that remains constant for the American Civil War (1861-1865). In Michael Shaara's Pulitzer Prize winning novel, The Killer Angels, the explanations behind battling the war are achieved through the officials and warriors at an acclaimed fight site of the Civil War, Gettysburg. Gettysburg was one of the most reported clashes of the entire war. It occurred over a range of three days and can be seen as a defining moment from Confederate conspicuousness to Confederate destruction. As in any contention, there are different sides to the story. The Union and the Confederacy each had their own perspectives with regards to why they were battling the war. Victors compose the history so again and again just the Union side is introduced. In the book we are given some of both veiwpoints. The purposeful publicity pitch the Union gave was they were battling to free the slaves. This was false! It was said Southerners were battling to save subjugation. This is likewise a bogus explanation. Generally under 6% of all Southerners claimed slaves. Truth be told, there were a generous measure of officers in the Union armed force that possessed slaves themselves. What's more the constitution ensured subjugation. In the event that the genuine issue was to keep up servitude the South would not have withdrawn. The most clear legend is that the ?acceptable? North walked into the unfeeling and shrewdness South for the sole motivation behind liberating the slaves. There are numerous statements from Northern pioneers that show obviously that the primary reason for the North was not the destruction of bondage, yet enslavement of the southern individuals. Subjugation was utilized to mobilize the Northern populace behind Abraham Lincoln's war. It was an intense subject matter, sure a few Yankees joined and battled to ?set men free?, however most were there to save the association. Safeguarding the Union implied stepping on the Southern individuals and keeping them as an assessment base to take care of Northern industrialists. A fascinating clash of Northern ethics is found. The North is depicted as needing to liberate dark men, however they rehearsed monetary subjugation on the Southern states. The Civil War was extremely more politically complex concerning Abraham Lincoln and his Republican gathering's activities. The South battled this war as the Second American Revolution. The reason for the South was likened to that of their progenitors who had battled and won their opportunity from Great Britain under 100 years sooner. In the event that it was a war to liberate men, it was the Southern ranch kid that needed his opportunities ensured under the first constitution. The Northern states' lawmakers were forcefully endeavoring to execute a monarchial type of government, which was exactly what the early homesteaders had battled against in the American Revolution. The Northern states were exploiting their boss numbers in the government and were utilizing their bit of leeway to execute out of line levies against the South. Huge measures of cash were taken from the South and piped into the Northern states. The vast majority of the income taken from the Southern states was utilized to run government programs. This realized the contention of ?State's Rights? what's more, a more fragile focal government by the South. The primary driver of the war was Lincoln's dismissal of the privilege to quiet withdrawal of the eleven sovereign states and consequently the refusal of self-government to the almost 8 million individuals living in those states. The Federal government required the salary from the South so they were constrained into battling to spare the expense originating from the South. Without talking with Congress, Lincoln sent extraordinary multitudes of demolition toward the South. The Southern individuals had no real option except to shield themselves from this attack. The South battled, just, for their autonomy, as the United States government of the Northern states would not permit the South to leave calmly. The men of the South didn't battle to win their opportunity, they battled to keep it! To cite from the Declaration of Independence: ?... that at whatever point any type of government gets dangerous of these finishes, it is the privilege of the People to adjust or annul it, and to organize new Government, establishing its framework

Program Evaluation and Its Usefulness Essay Example

Program Evaluation and Its Usefulness Essay Program assessment is a device utilized for assessing and evaluating a program set up. This paper will depict program assessment and how it very well may be valuable for an association wishing to decide the proficiency, viability, and the effect of a program. Five of the most well-known program assessment models will be presented. Various models are utilized by the individuals who assess programs. This paper will portray, in detail, the achievement case strategy for assessments. Program Evaluation and Its Usefulness Program assessment is a procedure of surveying whether a program is productive, compelling, and affects its planned clients (Posavac and Carey, 2007). Program assessment happens in a composed setting and is an assortment of techniques, aptitudes, and sensitivities used to decide if a need is met and whether the destinations or objectives of the program are adequately conveyed and accomplished. Assessment takes a gander at program and task goals and asks whether they have been accomplished, makes a decision about the value of progressing programs, settles on the convenience of new program or extends, thus forth† (Boulmetis and Dutwin, 2005, p. 3). Another approach to take a gander at program assessment is to survey the present condition of a program and recognize any inconsistencies of the present state and what the proposed state should be. Program assessment s can be valuable to an association in a few different ways. We will compose a custom exposition test on Program Evaluation and Its Usefulness explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Program Evaluation and Its Usefulness explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Program Evaluation and Its Usefulness explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Program assessments can add to quality administrations by giving criticism. Developmental assessments, which are intended to help structure the projects themselves, give input that can be urgent to the accomplishment of an association (Posavac and Carey, 2007). Additionally, assessments can enable an association to choose whether a program ought to be begun or not and pick between various program choices (Posavac and Carey, 2007). Through information assortment, assessment questions, and information examination an association can settle on the compelling of another or continuous program. Program assessments can confirm that assets would be committed to addressing neglected necessities, check that executed projects do offer types of assistance, analyze the result of projects, give data to keep up and improve quality, and watch for impromptu reactions. Five Most Common Types of Program Evaluation Models The five most basic sorts of program assessments are ones that survey the program’s proficiency, evaluate the program’s structure and hypothesis, evaluate the program’s sway on the network or end client, evaluate the program’s procedure or execution, and evaluate the requirement for the program. Achievement Case Model for Evaluation According to Brinkerhoff (1983), achievement case assessment looks for subjective data around a couple of subjects instead of looking for more slender, quantifiable information about numerous subjects. The achievement case model gets data from those members who have profited by the program as indicated by the objectives and targets the program expects to have. This criticism might be useful to other people who have not profited too from the program. Achievement cases might be concentrates quickly through short meetings with a couple of students or through increasingly expound approaches, for example, work-test investigation, records examination and observation† (Brinkerhoff, 1983, para. 9). A few employments of the achievement case technique are representing that the program has a positive effect, altering and reinforcing the program being assessed, and constructing information assortment strategies to decide the degree of the programâ€⠄¢s sway (Brinkerhoff, 1983). Assessment questions frequently connected with the achievement case model ask: How has the program been utilized? What advantages are aftereffects of the program? What issues happened during or in view of the program? End Program assessment is important to precisely look at a program’s proficiency, viability, or effect of the specific program through the methods assessment questions, information assortment, and information examination. These kinds of assessments can give helpful criticism to associations to analyze the results of a program, check that the objectives and goals of a program are met, give data to pick between various projects, give data to improve nature of a program, and watch for impromptu symptoms. The five most normal assessment models address the requirement for a program, the productivity of a program, the effect of a program, the hypothesis of a program, and the execution of a program. The achievement case model of assessment looks for data on a select gathering of members who have encountered accomplishment from the program. Input from the program can assist with adjusting or fortify the program, help other people who presently can't seem to profit by the program, and decide the effect of the program on its members. References Brinkerhoff, R. O. (August 1983). The achievement case: a minimal effort, high return assessment. Preparing and Development Journal. Recovered December 6, 2010, from www. ebscohost. com. Boulmetis, J. amp; Dutwin, P. (2005). The ABCs of assessment: Timeless methods for program and undertaking administrators. (second ed. ). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass/John Wiley amp; Sons. Posavac, E. , amp; Carey, R. (2007). Program assessment: Methods and contextual investigations. (seventh ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall.

What is the Difference between Masters of Arts and Masters of Science Degree

When deciding whether to undertake graduate study or when selecting a program in your field of interest, it is important to understand what degree will be conferred in the program you choose. The type of degree indicates the focus and intent of the program—what it is intended to prepare you for. Why should you get a Master’s Degree? First, let’s look at the reasons why you would consider graduate study.Reason #1: You want to pursue knowledge and perform research in your field. Amasters degree is needed in order to obtain a doctorate degree.Reason #2: You want to gain the knowledge and skills that will qualify you to practice in a profession.Reason #3: You have a profession but want to further your knowledge of this field.Reason #4: You’re not yet sure about a career and want to extend your education and keep future options open.These four reasons have relevance for not only the graduate major you will seek but the type of program and the particular degree you will pursue that will open the way to your goal.​ What can you expect in a master’s degree program? Graduate education offers greater depth of training and requires more initiative on the part of students to be self-directed and thorough in the study. Besides the lecture, there will be seminars, which are classes consisting of a small group of students. Through interaction among themselves and with the professor, they explore different topics through discussion, presentation of research, sharing of knowledge gained through reading, and other forms of exploration.Many graduate programs provide a thesis or non-thesis option in their master’s degree programs. The thesis option is intended, but not restricted, for students who plan to continue to the doctorate. The thesis is done during the last year and requires original research. The student defends the thesis in an oral examination as part of the comprehensive final exam. The non-thesis option provides an opportunity to take elective courses instead of the thesis and culminates with a final written comprehensive examination. What is the difference between the M.A. and M.S. degree? The M.A. and M.S. are the traditional academic degrees awarded for master’s degree graduate study. These degrees are stepping stones to the doctorate.The Master of Arts is usually awarded in fields such as languages, literature, history, geography, philosophy, social sciences and fine arts.The Master of Science is the degree awarded for the natural sciences, mathematics, and for technical fields such as engineering, agriculture, and computer science. M.S. programs involve lab work, scientific research, analysis, and evaluation. What is the terminal masters degree? Terminal masters degrees do not lead to doctoral programs. These are usually professional master’s degrees and involve direct application of knowledge to an applied field. The common examples are the master of business administration (M.B.A.), master of education (M.Ed.), Master of social work (M.S.W.) and master of fine arts (M.F.A.).Some other common professional degrees are M.Arch. (Architecture), M.H.A. (Health Administration), M.I.L.R. (Industrial and Labor Relations), M.I.A. (International Affairs), M.L.S. (Library Science), M.P.A. (Public Administration), M.P.H. (Public Health), M.S.N. (Nursing), Th.M. (Theology) and M.U.P. (Urban Planning).Some master of psychology offer a terminal masters. It prepares psychology students for a job in their area of specialty. An MA in psychology focuses on liberal arts, while an MS focuses on research. Though often the classes are similiar in nature. What is a Professional Science Masters? The PSM degree is a more recent development that was developed in concert with industry to meet the management need for technology-based companies, governmental agencies, and non-profit organizations. A two-year academic study in science or mathematics is combined with coursework in management, policy or law. Check out this program locator here. What is the difference between an MA and an MBA? Master of Arts programs are about research and theory. People who get an MA may choose to go on for a doctoral degree. They do not need job experience to pursue this degree. The Master of Business Administration is a professional degree and is for people who have been in the business or economic world for a few years already. An MBA offers education in finance, accounting, marketing, leadership and management. An MBA is an applied degree with skills directly applicable. An MA is a research and theory degree that teach students to interpret and analyze information.​ What are some careers and salaries with a Master’s Degree? Does a master’s degree make a large difference in career advancement and in salary earned as differentiated from the bachelor’s degree? We can look at some examples and study the differences.In the field of nursing, the registered nurse holds either an associate degree or a bachelor’s. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)registered nurses nationally earned a median salary of $67,490 in 2015. The job outlook for the period 2014 to 2024 is predicted to be 16 percent, or much higher than average.If registered nurses went on to get a master’s (MSN), they made a significant jump in salary. Thehttp://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/nurse-anesthetists-nurse-midwives-and-nurse-practitioners.htm" rel="nofollow">BLS reported that in 2015, the combined group of nurse anesthetists, nurse midwives and nurse practitioners made a median salary of $104,740. These advanced practice nurse specialists (APRNs) face a large demand for their services: their job outlook 2014 to 2024 is predicted to be 31 percent, much higher than average.In the field of business administration, http://fortune.com/2015/05/19/mba-graduates-starting-salary/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Fortune reported the 2015 predictions of the Graduate Management Admission Council (GMAC), the organization that administers the GMAT. GMAC surveyed corporate recruiters and reported that the median expected salaries for new MBAs would be $100,000. The starting salary for BBAs was expected to be $55,000. What are some funding sources for Master’s Degree students? Graduate school can be very expensive, especially when you are attending full time. FinAid.Org reports that the average cost of a master’s degree ranges from $30,000 to $120,000. For the MBA, the average is $40,000, but at a Harvard or Stanford, might be $120,000.There are varied sources of funding support for graduate study. The Financial Aids office of the schools to which you are applying should have a comprehensive file to help you. However, there are various independent groups not necessarily linked to particular schools that you can investigate. Also, professional organizations usually offer scholarships. The idea is to research and explore widely.

What Causes The Deaths - Free Essay Example

It was just so scary, you could hear him walking, youd hear him walking right past our classroom.† (CBS News) â€Å"We were scared. I was yelling to him. Don’t shoot! Don’t shoot!† (Maui News) â€Å"This is going to be absolutely heart-wrenching time for me and my family. His younger brothers and soon-to-be born sister would miss him terribly.† (NPR) â€Å"I have two words: gun control. Now, now, now, now! No more NRA! No more money! Gun control now!†, a mother whose son died in the Thousand Oaks Shooting said in an interview. (Fox News) When I watch these interviews with relatives of gun victims and witnesses of shootings, I feel extremely heartbroken and grieve for these dead victims from the bottom of my heart. None of these victims shot by a gun deserved to die. None of these relatives or friends of victims deserve to lose their beloved one. What causes the deaths of these innocent people? What makes their relatives and friends suffer from extreme grief? The answer is the gun problem in the United States, which is fairly serious and needs urgent solutions now. Consequently, we need to take immediate measures to solve this problem and alleviate preventable deaths in the United States. The gun problem is obviously a big problem in the United States now. Barack Obama once said, after the shooting in Oregon, We are the only advanced country on Earth that sees these kinds of mass shootings every few months.† (Obama), which means that the United States has far more mass shootings than other advanced country in the world. Time and again, a large number of innocent people die in mass shootings in the United States. For example, the 2017 Las Vegas shooting was a big mass shooting on the night of October 1, which shocked the whole world. Stephen Paddock, 64 years old, shot people at a music festival from a room on the 32nd floor of the Mandalay Bay hotel, leaving 58 people dead and 851 injured in just about ten minutes. When the police broke in, Paddock was found dead from a self-inflicted gunshot wound. (Wikipedia) People killed or injured by the killer, should have enjoyed themselves at the concert and went home, happily telling their friends and relatives how wonderful the concert was, but because of a killer and those fatal guns, that day became one of the worst days of their lives. Many victims had no chance even to talk with their relatives and friends. The Las Vegas shooting, as the deadliest mass shooting committed by an individual in the United States, drew people’s attention to gun control and sparked debate over gun control one again. Dianne Feinstein introduced a gun control bill to ban bump stocks to the Senate. (ABC news)11 states banned bump stocks and several other states were considering banning it. (History) Students are also exposed to shootings in the United States. According to research conducted by EveryTown, there were about 89 incidents of gunfire in schools in 2018. More than 2,700 children and teenagers were shot and killed and more than 14,500 are shot and injured every year and about 3 million children are exposed to gun shootings. (EveryTown Research) The Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting is one of the most famous school shootings, in which 20-year-old Adam Lanza killed 20 children and six adults before he finally shot himself in the head. Schools should have been a place full of students’ laughing and of reading sounds, but it is not because of the all too frequent interruptions and sounds of gunfire which destroy the peace. No child should experience shootings, which have a devastating impact on the mental and physical condition of students. Another big problem is the high rate of gun suicides. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 21,334 of 42,773 suicides were carried out with a gun in 2014 and guns lead to more deaths than every other method. (TheTrace) This is especially terrible because after interviewing suicide survivors, about 90 percent of people who fail in killing themselves choose not to kill themselves. (TheTrace) We can draw a conclusion that two thirds of people use guns to end their life and the majority of people give up committing suicide if they do not succeed in killing themselves at one time. However, guns are extremely fatal. There is a chance for people who want to kill themselves not using a gun to survive, which may change their whole life because of that survival, such as going on to live optimistically. For people who choose to use a gun to die, they may have no chance to survive at all because almost 90% percent of them will die. No other ways of committing suicide are as lethal as using a gun. People also suffer from accidental shootings in the United States. From 2006 to 2016, about 6,096 people died from accidental shootings, according to the data released by Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (CDC) Many people never take training courses to learn how to use a gun at all and some of them do not treat guns seriously. These are some of reasons that lead to accidental deaths with a gun. Due to the huge number of gun deaths, gun control is a big issue in the United States and we must take effective measures to solve it to create a peaceful country. Why is gun control still a problem in the United States and cannot be solved effectively and properly for decades? The first reason is its history and gun culture. The United States is a revolutionary country and gun ownership is a tradition. Fearing a tyrannical government, The Second Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified. The amendment says: â€Å"A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the People to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.† (Wikipedia) Therefore, some Americans argue that bearing arms is one of the greatest protections of their individual rights and democracy of their country and cannot be violated. According to a Pew Center study, Americans own the most guns per person in the world. (Pew Research Center) They regard gun ownership as liberty, freedom and a way to protect themselves. Second, economics is the base; arms trade and industry play an important role in American economy. As international arms industry data released by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute shows, the global arms trade is worth $398.2 billion in 2017, and the United States remains dominant, with about $226.6 billion, which accounted for 57 % of total. (SIPRI) Arms trade is a major industry in America that affects policies to some extent. Businessmen will oppose any policies that have a bad influence on their business. Many gun groups, such as the NRA, also affect the polices. It is estimated that NRA had spent $14 million to oust Barack Obama in 2012 by the New York Times. (New York Times) Because of the pervading gun culture and those businessmen and those gun groups, it becomes harder to carry out gun control policies so that gun control still remains a big issue in the United States. Why should we take immediate measures to alleviate preventable gun deaths? First, no innocent individual killed in a mass shooting or by accident deserves to die. No one wants to see their relatives or friends killing by a totally stranger, and what they finally receive is a sum of cold compensation. It is not fair. The number of gun deaths in the United States is 14,117 until now in 2018 and there have been 334 mass shootings. (Gun Violence Archive) Many innocent citizens were killed ruthlessly, which is against humanity. Some people think that guns are not problems; those perpetrators can also kill people using other weapons. In fact, there is a huge difference between guns and some other weapons, such as screwdrivers. On December 25, 2018, a 49-year-old man injured 6 people with a screwdriver in Shandong University of Science and Technology; one victim did not survive and others were just injured slightly. (Sohu)Could you imagine what would happen if the perpetrator was armed with a gun instead of a screwdriver? What would the death toll be and how many people would lose their relatives and friends forever? The result would be totally different; it is never the same due to the high lethality of guns. Therefore, we should take measures to reduce the number of gun deaths. Second, we all deserve to feel safe in our society. Solving the gun problem can promote citizens’ well-being and sense of security by creating a safe environment. Therefore, the government should create a peaceful domestic environment for its citizens so as to ensure the sustainable development and function of our society and economy. A government, which can keep its country safe, peaceful and prosperous, is a competent and successful government, and will build a good and powerful image of country. Furthermore, without a peaceful domestic environment, there will be no sustainable development and the whole country will be in trouble. Researchers from the law center estimate that the cost of gun violence on the American economy is about $229 billion every year. $8.6 billion of it is used for emergency and medical care, etc. (Lawcenter) If we take effective measures to alleviate gun deaths, we can reduce the expenditure on gun violence, which can be used to build a better country. Third, taking proper and effective measures to solve the gun problem can promote citizens’ confidence in government. Adlai Stevenson I has said, â€Å"When we lose faith in the system, we have lost faith in everything we fight and spend for.† (Adlai Stevenson I) It is important for the United States to win the confidence and credibility of its citizens. Fourth, we should also realize that shootings do great harm to our children, such as psychological problems, which cause a long-term scar in their heart. Children may suffer from gun-related trauma, insomnia, nightmares and intrusive thoughts, making it hard to fall asleep and always afraid of being attacked again. This will lead to distraction and bad performance in class. What’s worse, some children may regard owning a gun as a way to show their power and better protect themselves, which increases the possibility that they use violence as a means of solving problems when they feel angry. This is extremely dreadful for a home, a community and a country. It is not too late to save these children by taking proper measures to reduce the number of children who may be exposed to gun shootings. In conclusion, alleviating preventable gun deaths has so many advantages for the development of the country that we should take immediate measures now. What can we do to alleviate the preventable gun deaths? Different people have different opinions on this problem and I think the government should take its responsibility, such as enacting specific laws. B. R. Ambedkar has said, â€Å"Law and order are the medicine of the body politic and when the body politic gets sick, medicine must be administered.† (B. R. Ambedkar) Gun control laws are the medicine of the increasing gun deaths. On April 28, 1996, a 28-year-old man, Martin Bryant armed with a semi-automatic rifle, shot and killed 35 people, and wounded 23 others, in what was known as the Port Arthur Massacre. (Wikipedia) After this horrible and terrifying mass shooting, Australia responded quickly and passed the National Firearms Agreement only 12 days later. Australia banned certain semi-automatic and fully automatic weapons. (Wikipedia) A study conducted by Simon Chapman from Australias University of Sydney found that Australia has no fatal mass shootings (more than five victims, not including the perpetrator) from 1997 to May 2016 and the rate of gun deaths also dropped quickly after 1996. (JAMA) The enacting of gun control laws does lead to the reduction of gun deaths and mass shootings. The United States can follow the example of Australia by enacting laws to ban semi-automatic and fully automatic weapons. However, due to the unique gun culture and political and legal challenges, it seems that enacting rigid laws by the American government to ban guns is difficult, but there are still many things the government can do, such as carrying out policies to tighten gun owner licensing, improve k the standards for gun registration, and check backgrounds carefully. It is too easy for Americans to buy a gun, in shops or on the Internet and many guns are sold illegally through the black market. â€Å"According to the U.S. Department of Justice, large numbers of firearms are sold anonymously at more than 4,000 gun shows each year. That averages to about 11 gun shows on any given day.† (NBC News) We do not know who buys those guns and what they will do with these guns. There is a possibility that some of the buyers are terrorists who want to kill other people. In order to reduce the risk of this, the government should check backgrounds thoroughly and consolidate the gun market to destroy the black market by tracking down illegal gun sales. Similarly, waiting periods that delay gun purchases will also reduce gun violence. Second, school education is also important because â€Å"Early childhood education is the key to the betterment of society.† (Maria Montessori) Schools must construct a culture of respect in children for all human life and put emphasis on education on ethical principles so that students can form correct moral values and outlooks. Teachers can also teach students how to deal with annoying affairs properly and correctly, which will definitely have a positive effect on students’ mental health. More importantly, schools should offer classes in teaching children the dangers of possessing guns, how fatal guns are and how to behave around the guns. Parents who own guns at home should also put them in a safe place to reduce access to children who may hurt themselves or others accidentally. Third, limiting ammunition capacity is particularly effective and practical to reduce the number of mass shooting deaths. Researcher Chris Koper estimates that it may lead to a 1% reduction in mass shootings, or 650 people fewer shot each year. (The Guardian) With limited ammunition capacity, killers cannot make devastating mass shootings as easy as today. To conclude, we need to take immediate measures to solve the gun problem and alleviate preventable gun deaths in the United States. Gun problem is still under hot debate and is an urgent issue that needs to be solved. It causes several problems, such as mass shootings, gun suicides and accidental gun deaths, etc. To create a peaceful domestic environment and promote citizens’ confidence in government and their well-being, we should solve the gun problem. To save the greatest number of lives, we should solve the gun problem. To provide a peaceful growth environment for our children, we should solve the gun problem. With its unique gun culture and complicated gun reality, solving gun problem and alleviating preventable gun death is a long-term run, which needs our joint efforts and cooperation. Time is limited and do not let those perpetrators take any other innocent people’s lives from now on. Only with the endeavor of the whole society can we build a better America, and I believe we can do these things well without having a gun.

Sociological Imagination, Social Construction Of Reality...

The foundational concepts of sociological imagination, social construction of reality and socialization help us learn more about ourselves and the world. Sociological imagination is the way in which individuals realize the connection between their own experience of reality and the experiences of society as a whole. This realization allows people to make sense of the world around them. When one applies sociological imagination, they are stripping their own personal experiences from their thoughts to analyze the social world around them. It allows one to understand different perspectives of the world without the narrow lens of personal experience and bias. This is extremely important in modern society. For instance, in politics, it is very important to hold back personal beliefs when it comes to law-making. A politician who refrains from applying her own moral beliefs to her political agenda in attempt to create a better society is practicing the use of sociological imagination. She re moves her own personal views of the world in order to see society’s views as a whole, and acts accordingly. In other words, sociological imagination is â€Å"taking the role of the other† to gain a wider understanding of a perspective other than one’s own. The influences of society and personal experiences contribute to the way individuals interpret the world, and is further known as the social construction of reality. It is an extremely personal and biased view of the world in which it cannot beShow MoreRelatedSociological Perspective On Individual And Societal Success2470 Words   |  10 PagesTaylor Gowen 03/08/15 Sociology Essay Exam 1) Describe the sociological perspective. Provide examples of what it does and does not look like. Discuss why a sociological perspective to individual and societal success. The sociological perspective is a when human behavior is observed and its connection to society as a whole is shown (Henslin 3). There are three factors that influence human behavior. This includes symbolic interactionism where we use symbols or face-to-face interactions to communicateRead MoreThe Sociological Imagination And Use Essay1683 Words   |  7 Pages1. Explain what it means to use the sociological imagination and use at least one example to make your point. †¢ Wright Mills explains it as a vivid awareness of the relationship between your personal experience and the bigger society. so the way i would put it into my own words is knowing that the reason you do something isn’t the reason why another person does it. An example of this is going for a run. People can go on a run for many different reasons like to lose weight, to tone their body, forRead More SOLVED SOCI212 Quizzes 1 86149 Words   |  25 Pagesauthor, our explanations of social problems, for the most part, are based on all the following except:   A.life experiences.   B.exhaustive review of the literature.   C.good guesses.   D.opinions. Question 2 of 20 1.0/ 1.0 Points 2. __________ is the systematic study of individuals, groups, and social structures.   A.Psychology.   B.Anthropology.   C.Socialism.   D.Sociology. Question 3 of 20 1.0/ 1.0 Points 3. __________ coined the term, â€Å"sociological imagination.†   A.C. Wright Mills.   BRead MoreStudy Guide9234 Words   |  37 Pagesattainment, and social class. Making the familiar unfamiliar also helps to explain how society shapes our lives. Sociologists ask questions about those influences outside the control of individuals. For example, if someone is successful, is he perceived as superior? If he fails, is he seen as personally lacking? A sociologist will look at evidence and external factors that might influence a person’s decision rather than accepting commonsense answers. 2. What is the sociological imagination and how doRead More Transcending Herbert Marcuse on Alienation, Art and the Humanities4411 Words   |  18 PagesHumanities (1) ABSTRACT: This paper discusses how higher education can help us in accomplishing our humanization. It looks at the critical educational theory of Herbert Marcuse, and examines his notion of the dis-alienating power of the aesthetic imagination. In his view, aesthetic education can become the foundation of a re-humanizing critical theory. I question the epistemological underpinnings of Marcuses educational philosophy and suggest an alternative intellectual framework for interpreting andRead MoreFuture Analysis of Nation State6263 Words   |  26 PagesThat this still remains an ‘ideal’ and one vastly unrealized, as inthe existence of several ``multi-national’’ states, is also largely recognized, although much of international relations theory fails to follow through on the implications of that ‘reality’. 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PRIMARY METHODS Observation Observation entails the systematic noting and recording of events, behaviors, and artifacts (objects) in the social setting chosen for study. The observational record is frequently referred to as field notes—detailed, nonjudgmental, concrete descriptions of what has been observed. For studies relying exclusively on observation, the researcher makes no special effortRead MoreThe Censorship of Art Essay example14698 Words   |  59 Pagescontents. In this paper is investigated which moral codes underlie these claims against popular music, how social movements mobilize actions around these claims, and the way in which they are manifested in mechanisms of control targeted at rap and rock music. Moreover, I explore how the performers and fans of these musical styles have in turn articulated counter-claims, and how they have mobilized social forces in defense of the free expression of their art-form. 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Conjugating the French Verb Asseoir ( Seat Someone)

Book Review of Hear My Testimony Essays - 1199 Words

Book Review of â€Å"Hear My Testimony† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;This is probably one of the most moving books I have ever read in my life. It is basically a narrative story of the life of an El Salvadorian women named: Maria Teresa Tula. Maria is a wonderful storyteller and the fact the she is describing her own real life experiences greatly add to the impact of the book. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Most of the chapters in the book are just her telling about her life. She was born a very poor and sickly child, growing up with her mother and grandmother, after her mother had left her abusive husband. This was only the beginning of a very rough and trying life that she would face. She went on to describe her childhood, how other†¦show more content†¦They organized hunger strikes, rallies, protests, distributed food to starving families, and did whatever they could to receive national as well as International attention to their cause. They even were invited to the World Peace Council on a trip to the Royal Palace in Costa Rica and received the first ever John F. Kennedy Human Rights Award, and members of the CO-MADRES Organization even toured Europe. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Many of the women in the group had very difficult times at home due to their involvement with the group, many were beat, cheated on, and abused for belonging to a group, which took them away form, their family duties. Maria herself went through a very difficult time after her husband severely beat her because of her work with CO-MADRES. But the women remained strong; Maria kept working with the CO-MADRES and organizing political protests nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Months before her last daughter was to be born her husband was captured and killed. This was the saddest part of the whole book for me. I cried, at the part when she had to tell her daughter that her father was dead. As her life goes on, Maria goes through many other horrible experiences like the bombing of the CO-MADRES offices, being jailed, drugged, tortured and violently raped.Show MoreRelatedEssay about Book Review of Hear My Testimony1237 Words   |  5 PagesBook Review of Hear My Testimony By Maria Teresa Tula This is probably one of the most moving books I have ever read in my life. It is basically a narrative story of the life of an El Salvadorian women named: Maria Teresa Tula. Maria is a wonderful storyteller and the fact the she is describing her own real life experiences greatly add to the impact of the book. Most of the chapters in the book are just her telling about her life. She was born a very poor and sickly child, growing upRead MoreDreams And Visions : Is Jesus Awakening The Muslim World?1675 Words   |  7 Pageshis dream with the missionary ultimately led to a proclamation of the Gospel, in which Ibrahim would hear the Gospel for the first time, and ultimately come to faith in it weeks later. Stories of Muslims around the world similarly having dreams like Ibrahim raise the question, is God continuing to reveal Himself today by way of dreams and visions to the Muslim world? In 2012, Tom Doyle wrote the book Dreams and Visions: Is Jesus Awakening the Muslim World?, in which he retells numerous stories fromRead MoreA Comparative Analysis of the Activism and Views of Women Held by Eleanor Roosevelt in the 1930s and Hillary Clinton1848 Words   |  7 PagesDepression provided Clinton and Roosevelt with a unique opportunity to influence the legislation on national social welfare made possible by the economic crisis. After the death of Roosevelts husband, she became independent and made money from writing books, holding motivational talks and writing news columns. To date, no other First Lady holds an international career after the demise of her husband. On the contrast, the prominence of Clinton was symbolized by her previous position as the leader of theRead MoreThe Bible That Can Give Us Direction1401 Words   |  6 Pagesthe end of all things is near. Fortunately, there are clues in the last book of the Bible that can give us direction and answers to the questions people are asking. There is a meaning to the apparently haphazard catastrophes that have been plaguing our planet. There is a divine plan which is revealed in the book of Revelation, and through these prophecies we can discover where these events are leading us. For centuries, the book of Revelation has been considered to be so mystical and filled with symbolsRead MoreThe Immortal Life Of Henrietta Lacks By Rebecca Skloot1464 Words   |  6 Pages This essay is about the book The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks by Rebecca Skloot, a scientific writer and college student in the 20th century. My objective is to summarize all three parts of the book and argue in favor that the family receives financial and emotional support. Henrietta Lacks and her family suffered tremendous emotional and physical pain that lead to the discovery and improvement of society, which is why they should receive compensation and support from the American GovernmentRead MoreBiography of a Runaway Slave3421 Words   |  14 Pagesblack who learned how to read and write. The Autobiografia concludes with Manzanos escape from his owner. The book inspired other authors to condemn the institution of slavery as it existed in Cuba. Not until publication of Miguel Barnets The Autobiography of a Runaway Slave in 1966 did there exist a narrative centered on the life of a common slave in Cuba (Barnet, 1966). The testimony of Esteban Montejo has been described by its foremost interpreter as the first personal and detailed account ofRead MoreA Research Study On Liberty University School Of Divinity Essay1646 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction For many years the Apostle Paul and his pastoral leadership has given me great insight as to how live life daily. His missionary journey’s as God’s representative has had great influence on my own theological thought and preservation of my faith. The book of Colossians is filled with stories of redemption, knowledge and the power of prayer. The Apostle’s extraordinary life from darkness to light can only be attributed to the Grace of the Lord. Paul’s letter to theRead MoreThe Book Soul Friend By Kenneth Leech Essay1685 Words   |  7 PagesThe book Soul Friend, by Kenneth Leech, is a classic introduction in Christian circles to the subject of spiritual direction. Leech offers first a comprehensive historical overview of spiritual direction, then he reviews regarding the relationship between therapy, counselling and spiritual direction. Later he describes prayer in the Christian tradition, the practice of prayer, and the prophetic understanding of spiritual direction. In the following, I will provide a theological discussion andRead MoreImportance of Forensic Psychology in Legal Proceedings3330 Words   |  9 Pageswhy is Forensic Psychology Important in Legal Proceedings? Beth Velez Southern New Hampshire University Justice 101-Introduction to Criminal Justice Forensic psychology is an important part of the legal system, dating back to 1921. I plan to show in my paper just how forensic psychologists conduct their assessments, the implications on what the assessment and testing shows, and how it can benefit not only the defendant, but society as well. Forensic psychologist can show if a person is faking theirRead More Othello: the Feminine Perspective Essay2729 Words   |  11 Pagesexperience (I.3.86-7):    little of this great world can I speak More than pertains to feats of broil and battle. . . . (32)    The violence against women in this drama is unpalatable for much of the audience. A.C. Bradley, in his book of literary criticism, Shakespearean Tragedy, describes the violence against the heroine as a â€Å"sin against the canons of art†:    To some readers, again, parts of Othello appear shocking or even horrible. They think – if I may formulate their

The Theory Of Evolution By Natural Selection - 1486 Words

Auguste Comte was the first to coin the term ‘Altruism’ in his 1852 book ‘Catà ©chisme positiviste’, translated in 1858 to ‘The Catechism of Positive Religion’. He used it to encapsulate an ethical belief of his alternatively expressed as ‘live for others’. Since then the term’s meaning has fluctuated somewhat; it’s been widely appropriated to a plethora of behaviours however possibly not as Comte meant it. In this essay I intend to explain the evolution of the word, where you may or may not find altruistic behaviours and most importantly it’s like to evolutionary theory. Evolutionary theory was developed by Charles Darwin and documented in his book ‘On the Origin of Species’ (1859). In it’s most simplistic terms it explains how and why animals, including humans, have changed and evolved over time to become the way they are. One of his more well known and supported theories illustrated in his book is the theory of evolution by natural selection. This says that within species certain individuals will hold more beneficial traits than others, these individuals will then go on to outlive other individuals who hold fewer desirable traits. They will then mate and produce offspring who will carry forward their genetics increasing the likelihood of the next generation also possessing the desirable traits. For example, during the Industrial Revolution in the 1800’s peppered moths which would usually have black and white speckles on their wings, started turning black. The increased useShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Evolution By Natural Selection1329 Words   |  6 PagesThe theory of evolution by natural selection proposes that all species are related (Eade, S. and profile, V. 2014). There is estimated to be between 6 million and 100 million different species in the world, with more species undiscovered than those discovered; this is all owing to the concept of evolution (Borenstein, S. 2014). Evolution is defined as the â€Å"change in the characteristics of a species over many generations (Linstead, 2012).† The most widely accepted theory of evolution is natural selectionRead MoreNatural Selection And The Theory Of Evolution1536 Words   |  7 PagesNatural selection and The Theory of Evolution were just two of the things that Charles Darwin conquered through the exploration of The Galapagos Island. Darwin was born on February 12, 1809, in Shrewsbury, England. While Darwin was still in high school, his main interest was nature, he was especially interested in beetles. Darwin’s father, Robert Darwin, who was best known as the father of the naturalist Charles Darwin, wanted Charles to become a doctor. Due to lack on interest in the medicine fieldRead MoreThe Theory Of Evolution By Natural Selection965 Words   |  4 Pages The beginning of life on earth was always thought out as Gods creation and evolution was just a mystery in itself. Many people have always been interested in their origins and have found explanations using evidence that validates the story, but where is the proof? In 1859 a man by the name of Charles Darwin wrote a novel called the Origin of Species basically expressing the theory of evolution by natural selection. An extremely complicated story, but a very effective explanation of life as weRead MoreThe Theory Of Evolution By Natural Selection1027 Wo rds   |  5 PagesPart A: Evolution of Polar Bears Introduction The theory of evolution by natural selection (Darwinism), first formulated in Darwin s book On the Origin of Species in 1859, is the process by which organisms change over time as a result of changes in heritable physical or behavioural traits. Changes that allow an organism to better adapt to its environment will help it survive and that have more offspring. The first three ideas were already under discussion among earlier and contemporaneous naturalistsRead MoreThe Theory Of Evolution By Natural Selection1726 Words   |  7 PagesDiscussing Darwinian and Modern Evidence in Support to The Theory of Evolution by Natural selection Evolution is the gradual development of life on Earth. It is responsible for the unusual carnivorous plants (species such as Dionaea muscipula), the beautiful coloured plume of the male peacock, even the possibility of cells adapting to protect against continual low exposure to radiation (Russo, GL. et al 2012). Without it, the lavish diversity of organic life we interact with every day would be non-existentRead MoreTheory Of Evolution By Natural Selection896 Words   |  4 PagesSummary Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection. According to history, Charles Darwin is the first scientist to frame the theory of evolution by natural selection. It was publish in his book title On the Origin of Species 1859†. Darwin express the theory of evolution by natural selection as a process by which species change over a period of time. This change take place because of the changes in genetic and behavioral traits. The ability of the organisms to change over time or adjust to fit environmentalRead MoreThe Theory Of Evolution By Natural Selection926 Words   |  4 Pages Charles Darwin was the creator of Darwinism which is, â€Å"the theory of evolution by natural selection† (Junker 1). In school we are often taught that natural selection is survival of the fittest or the strongest wins. What seems to be a simple topic is actually one of the leading theories on the side of evolution in the highly controversial debate on Darwinism vs. Creationism. Darwinism states that certain genes in a population change thro ugh individuals. These â€Å"strong† genes are then produced moreRead MoreThe Theory Of Evolution By Natural Selection1692 Words   |  7 PagesDarwinian Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection Background information Even though evolution is an ancient concept, Charles Darwin brought up a new idea focusing on naturalistic modification of a population over time. He believed that species differ over time and space. In other words, after a period of time creatures undergo genetic mutations in their genetic code in which the beneficial mutations are preserved and the disadvantage mutations are eliminated. This concept he termed as natural selectionRead MoreThe Theory Of Evolution By Natural Selection Essay1774 Words   |  8 Pagesinvariance and stability. Darwinism rejects all supernatural phenomena and causations. The theory of evolution by natural selection explains the adaptedness and diversity of the world solely materialistically. It no longer requires God as the creator or designer .Darwin pointed out that creation, as described in the bible and the origin accounts of other cultures, was contradicted by almost any aspect of the natural world. Randolph M. Nesse George C. Williams. Mayr believed that Lamarck did not holdRead MoreThe Theory Of Evolution By Natural Selection1692 Words   |  7 PagesDarwinian Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection Background information Even though evolution is an ancient concept, Charles Darwin brought up a new idea focusing on naturalistic modification of a population over time. He believed that species differ over time and space. In other words, after a period of time creatures undergo genetic mutations in their genetic code in which the beneficial mutations are preserved and the disadvantage mutations are eliminated. This concept he termed as natural selection

Claudius And Prince Essay Example For Students

Claudius And Prince Essay Every one sees what you appear to be, few really know what you are, and thosefew dare not oppose themselves to the opinion of the many, who have the majestyof the state to defend them. Nicolo Machiavelli, from The Prince Italianpolitical theorist Nicolo Machiavelli speculated that the strongest leaders areones who are able to carefully balance appearances to his benefit, strategicallyusing them to strengthen his regime. If Machiavelli was indeed correct, thenClaudius, from Shakespeares Hamlet, starts off as an ideal Machiavellianprince. However, as the play develops, Claudius loses his previouslyimmovable command and composure, largely due to his concern over the potentialthreat posed by his stepson, Hamlet. At the beginning of the play, Claudiusappears to have complete control over Elsinore, as evidenced by his imposingspeech to the court: Therefore our sometime sister, now our queen, Thimperial jointress to this warlike state, Have we (as twere with a defeatedjoy, With an auspicious and a dropping eye, With mirth in funeral and dirge inmarriage, In equal scale weighing delight and dole) Taken to wife.. . 1.2: 8-14In this scene, Claudius, who has only recently taken the throne after the deathof his brother, addresses some pressing issues. Seeking to create a strong earlyimpression, Claudius uses his words very carefully, taking great pains to bothmourn his late brother and celebrate his marriage. Furthermore, with the wordsimperial jointress to this warlike state he justifies the potentiallycontroversial union by making it appear like a benefit to the entire kingdom.Claudius is clearly a shrewd politician, for he deliberately emphasizes thecontrast between his marriage and Hamlets death, using phrases such asdefeated joy and with an auspicious and a dropping eye. The benefitsto such an approach are obvious : on one hand Claudius appeals to popularsentiment by remembering his popular brother, and on the other hand, with hiscelebration of his marriage, the King proves that he is ready to move on andattack his new role with vigor. The oxymoronic phrases mirth in funeraland dirge in marriage recall Machiavellis words, for Claudiusdemonstrates his ability to express whatever emotions make him look wise andjust, showing that he is in command of Denmark, despite his limited experienceas king. Claudius fortifies his majestic appearance by taking decisive andpositive action. When faced with the threat of Fortinbras, he immediately takesdiplomatic measures, sending Cornelius and Voltemand to protect Denmarksborders and create an alliance with Norway. Later, Laertes asks for permissionto return to France. Knowing the value of the advice of Laertes father,Polonius, Claudius gives his consent in a jovial manner, thus strengthening hisposition with the courtiers. The King even senses the troubled state of Hamlet,and rather than letting things run their course, Claudius immediately sendsRosencrantz and Guildenstern as spies. Most importantly, in every decision hemakes, Claudius appears confident, maintaining a balanced temperament in thepublic eye. Yet underneath this smooth facade lies a man who is concerned aboveall about Hamlet. A full two months after the death of his father, Hamletcontinues to mourn, thereby keeping Old Hamlets death in the publicspotlight. Claudius, of course, would much rather forget about the incident, forthat would not only decrease the likelihood of his being discovered but alsohelp lighten his overburdened conscience. Unfortunately, Hamlet will not let himnor the public forget. Furthermore, Claudius realizes that Hamlet has ajustified claim to the throne that could destabilize the Kings regime. In anattempt to alleviate the situation, Claudius stresses Hamlets role as hissuccessor, not potential replacement. .u6247a466bf39fdc9795bb0c7c5ad592f , .u6247a466bf39fdc9795bb0c7c5ad592f .postImageUrl , .u6247a466bf39fdc9795bb0c7c5ad592f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6247a466bf39fdc9795bb0c7c5ad592f , .u6247a466bf39fdc9795bb0c7c5ad592f:hover , .u6247a466bf39fdc9795bb0c7c5ad592f:visited , .u6247a466bf39fdc9795bb0c7c5ad592f:active { border:0!important; } .u6247a466bf39fdc9795bb0c7c5ad592f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6247a466bf39fdc9795bb0c7c5ad592f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6247a466bf39fdc9795bb0c7c5ad592f:active , .u6247a466bf39fdc9795bb0c7c5ad592f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6247a466bf39fdc9795bb0c7c5ad592f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6247a466bf39fdc9795bb0c7c5ad592f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6247a466bf39fdc9795bb0c7c5ad592f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6247a466bf39fdc9795bb0c7c5ad592f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6247a466bf39fdc9795bb0c7c5ad592f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6247a466bf39fdc9795bb0c7c5ad592f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6247a466bf39fdc9795bb0c7c5ad592f .u6247a466bf39fdc9795bb0c7c5ad592f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6247a466bf39fdc9795bb0c7c5ad592f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Robinson Crusoe Essay Introduction Nevertheless, the threat of Hamletremains, and Claudius becomes extremely concerned with it. That do I long tohear! 2.2: 53 refers not to news of Fortinbras but to the cause ofHamlets perceived lunacy. This exclamation is also the first time that wehave seen Claudius stray from his even-tempered public appearance, as he revealsa bit of emotion where Hamlet is concerned. The effect of Hamlet on the Kingreaches a climax during The Murder of Gonzago, during which the Kingscomposure breaks down completely. Hamlets plan to confirm Claudius guiltsucceeds brilliantly: when the murder in the play pours poison into Gonzagosear, telling the audience that the plot is based on true events, Claudiussuddenly rises, shouting Give me some light. Away! 3.2: 295 Gone is thecalm that had begun to make Claudius a successful leader, replaced by a suddenoutburst of emotion in

A Christmas Memory Truman Capote Essay Example For Students

A Christmas Memory: Truman Capote Essay This story, A Christmas Memory, is a nonfiction reminence of one fondmemory of Capotes. A distant relative of Truman Capotes, Sook Faulk, took care of himthrough his childhood. Sook dubbed Truman with the nickname Buddy, after aformer best friend. During one November morning, when Buddy was seven, Sookdecided it was fruitcake weather. She called him to get their buggy and her hatto go pick pecans. Queenie, their terrier who has survived illness and snakebites, follows them on their errand. After picking pecans for three hours,Buddy and Sook began hulling their buggyload. The discussion during dinnertimewas the need of materials to make the cakes, and the lack of funding to do so. We will write a custom essay on A Christmas Memory: Truman Capote specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Sook and Buddy begin reminiscing about how they managed to gather their meagersums. People in the house donate a dime or two. Buddy and Sook make some moneyby selling jams and jellies, rounding up flowers for funerals and weddings,rummage sales, contests, and even a Fun and Freak museum. The secret fund ishidden in an old beaded purse under a loose board in the floor. They neverremove the purse from under Sooks bed unless making a deposit or a ten-centwithdrawal on Saturdays. She allots Buddy ten cents to go to the picture showeach Saturday. Sook has never visited one before, but asks Buddy to go insteadto come back and tell she the stories of the picture show. After dinner, Sookand Buddy retire to a room in a faraway part of the house where her sleeps atnight, to count their treasure. When finished counting, Buddy declares thetotal was thirteen dollars. Sook, being a very superstitious person, throws apenny out of the window. The next morning Sook and Buddy go to town to purchasethe necessary ingredients for the cakes. Whiskey, the most expensive andhardest to obtain ingredient was needed to complete the days shopping. Sincewhiskey sale was forbidden by law, they had to travel to Mr. Haha Jones for it. Mr. Haha owned a sinful bar near the river. When Sook receives a bottle ofwhiskey in exchange for a fruitcake, she decides to add an extra cup of raisinsin his cake. The two go home and begin to make their cakes. These cakes whereintended for friends or acquaintances, not necessarily neighbor friends. Theysent most to people they have met once, or maybe not at all. The thank-you notecards sent in return made them feel connected to the world. After sending thefruitcakes off and spending all of their savings, Sook decides to celebrate withthe two inches of whiskey left in the bottle. The thought of drinking straightwhiskey somewhat bothered them. Since they have never experienced it before,they began tasting. Prancing around the kitchen, giddy and happy, two angryrelatives enter. They began to scold Sook and blamed her for corrupting a childof seven. As Sook looks down and blows her nose on her flowered skirt, she runsto her room to cry. Buddy follows her and tries to comfort her. He r eminds herof tomorrows plans, finding a Christmas Tree and Holly. Sook promises to findthe best tree and the best holly for them. The next day they walk around theforest in search of a tree on Christmas Eve afternoon. They picked a tree thatwas twice as tall as Buddy and very strong. Buddy and Sook wheeled the largetree home in their buggy to decorate. People passing by complimented them onsuch a wonderful tree, and some even offered to buy it. They made ornaments todecorate the tree out of colored paper, crayons, and tin foil. They each madekites for each other, and bought Queenie a beef bone. During the night, Sookcould not sleep. She woke-up Buddy and they talked until the sun rose. Sookwanted so badly to buy Buddy a bike for Christmas, but couldnt afford one forhim. She told him that she made him a kite, and he confesses that he made onefor her, also. When day breaks, they hurry downstairs to make noise, and awakenthe other relatives. Buddy was disappointed in the gifts he recei ved from hisrelatives. Sook points out to him that the wind is blowing and they should flytheir kites together. .u232ced7be29630034a245a1fbf687c5d , .u232ced7be29630034a245a1fbf687c5d .postImageUrl , .u232ced7be29630034a245a1fbf687c5d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u232ced7be29630034a245a1fbf687c5d , .u232ced7be29630034a245a1fbf687c5d:hover , .u232ced7be29630034a245a1fbf687c5d:visited , .u232ced7be29630034a245a1fbf687c5d:active { border:0!important; } .u232ced7be29630034a245a1fbf687c5d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u232ced7be29630034a245a1fbf687c5d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u232ced7be29630034a245a1fbf687c5d:active , .u232ced7be29630034a245a1fbf687c5d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u232ced7be29630034a245a1fbf687c5d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u232ced7be29630034a245a1fbf687c5d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u232ced7be29630034a245a1fbf687c5d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u232ced7be29630034a245a1fbf687c5d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u232ced7be29630034a245a1fbf687c5d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u232ced7be29630034a245a1fbf687c5d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u232ced7be29630034a245a1fbf687c5d .u232ced7be29630034a245a1fbf687c5d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u232ced7be29630034a245a1fbf687c5d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: King Lear: The Use of Letters EssayThis was their last Christmas together. Buddy was sent to militaryschool, prisons, and camps. He had a new home, but felt that it was incompletewithout his friend. Sook remained in the small town and wrote him regularly. Queenie passed away during one winter and was buried with her favorite bones inSimpsons pasture. Sook continued to bake fruitcakes until she could not,sending Buddy the best of the batch. In every letter she enclosed a dimewadded in toilet paper. She asked him to watch a picture show, and write herback the story. After a while she started to confused Buddy with the otherBuddy she knew, and she stayed in bed more than just the thirteenth of everymonth. Sook passed away and left an irreplaceable part of Buddy empty. Sometimes, he searches the sky for two lost kites, like hearts, hurrying towardthe sky. Opinion Paragraph:My impression of this selection was that Capote wrote it from the heart. This story made me feel like apart of the memory. It made me see all sides ofthe story and gave descriptions of the characters feelings and thoughts. Thestory made me realize that people young or old can be your best friend. I feltas though there was a lot of love between them. They had no other close familywho cared about each other, as much as they did. Capote wrote this story to letpeople know about his childhood and struggle after being separated from his bestfriend. The description of the setting and atmosphere made me feel like I wasactually there. It was a very emotional story and I participated in theemotions, along with the characters. I enjoyed this selection throughly. Category: English

Procter Gamble Company

Introduction Procter Gamble [PG] is a public limited company that was established in 1837 in Cincinnati, Ohio, US. The firm operates in the consumer goods industry and has managed to venture into the global market. The firm operates five main segments, which include Family Care and Baby Care, Health Care, Grooming, Beauty, Home Care and Fabric Care.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Procter Gamble Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The firm has over 121,000 employees (PG 2013). In the course of its operation, PG has managed to develop a strong market position both in the local and the international market. The firm’s success can be explained by the effective management and marketing practices that have been integrated. Moreover, the firm has adopted optimal business models, which ensure that its products are aligned with the prevailing customer needs and wants. Consequently, its products have gained substantial market acceptability (PG 2013). Vision and mission statement PG intends to position itself as the global leader with regard to consumer products and services. Moreover, the firm is committed towards providing customers with high quality products and services. Values and principles The firm has adopted a number of values and principle. Some of its core values and principles include trust, leadership and integrity. Objectives PG is focused towards achieving the following objectives To develop a strong customer base and ensure that its brands achieve market leadership. To transform its existing businesses into market leaders. To regain market leadership and growth momentum in Western Europe region. In addition to meeting the customers’ needs, PG is focused towards delivering high value to shareholders’ by maximising their wealth. Over the 175 years it has been in existence, PG has managed to survive challenging economic situations such as economic downturns and other changes emanating from the external and internal business environments. The firm cannot rule out the likelihood of such occurrences in the future considering the fact that it does not operate in isolation. Consequently, the firm may experience challenges in its quest to achieve the aforementioned objectives.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Aim This report is aimed at conducting a comprehensive situational analysis of PG. This is achieved by evaluating the challenges that the firm faces and the strategies that the management team should integrate in order to enhance the firm’s competitiveness and future success. The report mainly focuses on the strategies that the firm can adopt in order to develop a high competitive advantage. Situational analysis Businesses operate in an environment that is characterised by a high rate of dynamism. One of the elements tha t characterise the modern business environment is hyper-competition. Lancaster (2005) is of the opinion that it imperative for firms’ management teams to continuously monitor the external business environment in order to adjust their firms’ competitive strategies. Ferrell Hartline (2013) are of the opinion that â€Å"a thorough situation analysis empowers the marketing manager because it encourages both analysis and synthesis of information† (p.56). Firms do have control of the external business environment. Therefore, failure to understand the external business environment may adversely affect the organisations’ competitiveness. To understand the external business environment, it is imperative for PG’s management team to take into account the cultural, economic, social, political, legal and demographic variables. This can be achieved by integrating the PESTLE and the SWOT models as illustrated below (Hiebing Cooper 2004). PESTLE Analysis Poli tical -The firm participates in political processes in its pursuit to touch the consumers’ lives. Consequently, the firm contributes in shaping public policy. -The firm is committed towards ensuring that it complies with the set state and federal laws such as the Open Government Act, and the Lobbying Disclosure Act. -The US is characterised by a high level of political stability. Consequently, PG is able to operate effectively and efficiently. -The US government has increased its effort in curbing the proliferation of counterfeit products by integrating comprehensive intellectual property laws. This has played a critical role in guarding innovation. Economic -The US is experiencing an increment in the level of its Gross Domestic Product and the National Income. This will increase the consumers’ purchasing power. -Despite the increase in consumer purchasing power, PG is experiencing pressure to reduce the price of its products. Jopson (2013) emphasises that it is impe rative for PG to provide customers with products that are affordable. -The recent economic recession has led to a significant change in the consumers’ behaviour. Bohlen, Carlotti and Mihas (2010) opine that â€Å"consumers in the US are learning to live without expensive product† (para. 1). -The firm faces a challenge in the international market arising fluctuation in the exchange rate and the rate of inflation. -Some of the developing markets that the firm markets its products, especially Africa are characterised by a low per capita income (Hattingh et al. 2012). Social -Environmental conscious consumers; consumers are increasingly becoming conscious of the environment. Consequently, it is imperative for businesses to operate in an environmental sustainable manner by avoiding pollution. PG has adopted the concept of corporate social responsibility. -Health and safety consciousness;consumers are increasingly becoming conscious of their health and safety. In the cours e of its operation, PG is committed towards improving the consumers’ nutrition and hygiene. Thus, the likelihood of PG increasing its sale revenue with regard to health and beauty products is high. Moreover, PG has teamed up with UNICEF in its quest to improve the health of babies (PG2012). -Cultural diversity; the high rate of globalisation has led to transformation with regard to the workforce, which is becoming culturally diverse. Consequently, it is imperative for organisations to adopt effective human resource management practices. PG has appreciated the concept of diversity by embracing cultural differences (Cooper 2000). Technological -The consumer packaged goods industry is experiencing a significant change arising from technological innovation. Some of these changes relates to emergence of e-commerce. -The high rate of technological innovation presents a major challenge to PG. The firm has to continuously invest in research and development in order to be successful . According to Cisco (2012), â€Å"continuous product innovation is the lifeblood of the consumer product goods industry† (p.1). Legal Environmental Climate change; The high rate of climate change has led to enactment of strict carbon tax in an effort to ensure that organisations are responsible of the carbon dioxide emitted. PG is conscious of the environment in which it operates. Environmental laws and regulations; the UK government has enacted strict rules and regulations that are aimed at protecting the environment. The laws advocate for effective waste management. SWOT and TOWs matrix SWOT Matrix Strengths Research and development;The firm strongly focuses on research and development. Market leadership; the firm has developed global market leadership with regard to detergents, beauty and health care products. Acquisitions;the firm has the capacity to acquire other firms in the consumer goods industry. Effective brand management; PG have integrated an effecti ve brand management strategy, which has enhanced its market position and brand portfolio. The firm has over 25 brands. Strong human capital base; the firm has established a strong human resource, which enhances its competitiveness. Weaknesses The firm’s competitiveness is hindered by high cost of production. The firm faces a challenge in meeting the consumers’ needs and wants as a result of different culture. Unable to protect the company’s innovative products. High product prices compared to competing products (Jopson 2013). The firm mainly focuses on high-end markets, which limits its market reach. It is difficult for the firm to achieve growth especially in mature product categories. High product recalls; PG is experiencing an increment in product recalls. Most of the firm’s products are targeted for female consumers. Loss of market; the firm is losing market at an alarming rate, which is affecting its market leadership. Counterfeit products;PG has no t been able to eliminate counterfeit products sold under its brand name. Opportunities -Market growth; the firm can attain market leadership by exploiting emerging markets such as India and China.The firm should target the middle class consumers. -New market opportunity; the firm can exploit new market segments for example by developing beauty and health products targeted for men. -Tapping new markets;the firm can increase its sales revenue by penetrating urban areas. -Adopting eco-friendly strategies; PG can increase its market leadership by going green. Strength-Opportunity Strategy The firm should consider expanding its operation in the emerging and developing markets by developing new products. PG should consider developing new products by investing in research and development. Weakness-Opportunity strategy -The firm should consider outsourcing some of its services in order to lower the cost of production. This will improve the competitiveness of its products. -The firm shou ld invest in IPR in order to protect its products from being counterfeited -PG should focus on expanding its market to low-income consumers. – The firm has to continuously ensure that it monitors market changes so as to attain adjust its market trends. -PG should target new consumer groups such as men in order to increase its sales revenue. Threats Intense competition; PG is experiencing intense competition especially from Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever hence leading to a decline in PG market share (Jopson 2013). Substitute products; the firm is experiencing an increment in the number of substitute products, which are retailed at a price that is lower than that of PG. Private labels;growth of private labels presents a major threat to the firm’s competitiveness and global market share. Economic recession; change in consumer behaviour as a result of the 2008/2009 economic recession. Increase in the cost of raw materials Strength-Threat strategy -The firm should ensure that its products are aligned with the consumers’ needs and wants. -PG should invest in continuous product improvement in order to improve their competitiveness – Weakness-Threat strategy -The firm should invest in cost-effective operational strategies in order to improve the quality and competitiveness of its products. Core competencies According Boone (Kurtz Boone 2013), core competencies are critical in an organisation’s marketing practises because they enable an organisation to optimally position itself. P G’s success is based on a number of core competencies, which include. Source: (PG 2013)Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Procter Gamble Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Porters’ five forces According Stonehouse and Snowdon (2007), the five forces model enables a firm’s management team to determine the attractiveness of a particular market and hence the potential of attaining its desired level of profitability. The degree of industry attractiveness varies from one industry to another. The Porter’s model is comprised of five main dimensions, which include the threat of new entrant, buyer and seller bargaining power, degree of rivalry and threat of substitute. Below is an analysis of the Porter’s five forces with specific reference to PG Group. Degree of rivalry-High The firm operates in an environment that is characterised by a high degree of rivalry (PG 2013). Yannapoulos (2011) is of the opinion that â€Å"competition forces companies to constantly engage in offensive and defensive marketing strategies† (p.1). The rivalry emanates from the regional, local and global firms that have established operations in the industry. PG competes against organisations that deal with private labels and branded products. The firm’s main competitors include Colgate-Palmolive, Revlon, Kimberly-Clark Johnson Johnson and Unilever. The large number of competitors gives consumers a wide range of options to select from (Drummond Ensor 2009). Consumers select products on the basis of their price, quality, and the strength of the brand amongst other factors. PG Group is experiencing an increment in competition emanating from non-branded products, which are sold at a lower price. Thus, low-income consumers can afford diverse health and wellness products (Rehtmeyer 2010). Threat of new entrants-moderate According to Rehtmeyer (2010), the consumer goods industry is characterised by a low threat of entry. New entrants do not have the capability to rival big and well established entities such as PG, which are adequately capitalised. Another factor that acts as a barrier to entry relates to the high cost of research and development that the firms are required to undertake (Rehtmeyer 2010). New entrants must ensure that their products are effectively differentiated. The industry is in its mature stage thu s making it less attractive to new entrants (Doole Lowe 2012).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Threat of substitute-Low to moderate The consumer goods industry is characterised by a low threat of substitute products. According to Rehtmeyer (2010), most firms in the industry deal with necessities, which do not have perfect substitutes. Supplier bargaining power- low PG derives its competitiveness from partnerships and joint venture. Consequently, the firm is able to invest in research and development (Rehtmeyer 2010). Moreover, the firm has the capacity to control its suppliers because of its large size. Consequently, the firm sets standards, which suppliers are required to adhere to in the course of supplying the raw materials (Serena 2013). Buyer bargaining power-moderate PG mainly depend on Wal-Mart and other business affiliates in its quest to generate revenue. It is estimated that 15% of the firm’s sales originate from Wal-Mart. Organisational consumers such as Wal-Mart have a relatively low buyer bargaining power compared individual consumers who have the option o f selecting competing products. Therefore, the industry’s has a moderate buyer bargaining power. Source: (Rehtmeyer 2010) Market commoditisation and innovation According to Ferrell and Hartline (2013), the consumer goods industry is increasingly becoming commoditised. Most of the products offered by competing firms are similar. For example, the products have similar features and they have minimal price differences. Ferrell and Hartline (2013) postulates that â€Å"commoditisation is a consequence of mature industries where slowing innovation, extensive product assortment, excess supply and frugal consumers force margins to the floor† (p.2). According to the company’s Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Lafley, it is imperative for the firm to review its product differentiation strategy. This will ensure that the firm’s products remain unique and relevant to the consumers (Jopson 2013). Commoditisation of an industry presents a major challenge to industry playe rs. This arises from the fact that the competing firms have to ensure that they adopt effective differentiation strategies in order to be competitive. The consumer goods industry in the US is experiencing a high rate of commoditisation as a result of its lucrative nature, which is increasing the intensity of competition. More firms are venturing into the industry in an effort to exploit the industry’s profitability. Consequently, it has become difficult for firm’s such as PG to successfully differential itself (Pulendran, Speed Widing 2002). In order to survive in such an industry, it is imperative for industry players such as PG to formulate strategies that will attract and retain customers. This calls for organisations to be innovative. One of the ways through which the firms can achieve this is by investing in value-added strategies. The firm’s management team should conduct a comprehensive consumer market research in order to determine what the consumersâ⠂¬â„¢ needs and wants. Secondly, the firm’s research and development department should be adequately innovative in order to develop products that are customised. Such a strategy will improve the effectiveness and efficiency with which the firm addresses the customers’ value. Such an analysis will enable PG respond to the consumers’ unarticulated needs hence improving their level of loyalty. Customising its products will also enhance the firm’s capacity to survive in a market that is mature. Alternatively, PG can also consider integrating the concept of targeted extension, which entails adding value to the firm’s core products and marketing them to specific market segments in order to meet the desired market needs (Wierenga 2008). Developing competitive advantage In order to remain competitive, it is imperative for P G Group to consider improving its competitive advantage. According to Davidson and Keegan (2004) â€Å"competitive advantage is achie ved whenever your company does something better than competitors† (p. 167). Thus, it is fundamental for PG to develop it competitive advantage in order to survive in the long term. PG can develop its competitiveness by adopting the strategies proposed by the Ansoff Matrix. The advantages of these strategies are discussed herein. Market development PG should consider investing in market development strategies. According to McDonald, Brian Ward (2007), market development strategies entail marketing existing products to new markets. This entails identifying a new customer group to whom a firm markets its product to. PG mainly markets its products to female consumers. However, it is imperative for the firm’s management team to consider marketing its products to men. Moreover, the firm can achieve market development by identifying potential markets that it can enter. To achieve this, PG should focus on entering the emerging and developing markets. Consequently, the firm sho uld abolish its centralised operational strategy (Jopson 2013). Some of the markets that the firm should consider include Brazil, China, Russia and India. Prior to entering new markets, PG should conduct a comprehensive market research in order to determine the prevailing market potential. According to Jopson (2013), consumers in the developing economies are increasing consumption of household and personal consumer products despite the poor economic performance. PG should also ensure that it develops a comprehensive understanding of the target markets’ culture, and consumption behaviour. This will improve the likelihood of its products gaining sufficient market penetration. Product diversification Currently, PG specialises in five main market segments, which include Family Care and Baby Care, Health Care, Grooming, Beauty, Home Care and Fabric Care. It is essential for the firm’s management team to consider diversifying its product portfolio. This will improve the like lihood of the firm attracting a new customer group. In its product diversification strategy, PG should focus on Fast-Moving-Consumer Goods [FMCG]. This will minimise the need of the firm to develop new capabilities and resources. Currently, the firm specialises in producing high-end products. To increase its customer base, it is imperative for the firm’s management team to consider targeting low-income consumers. This will enable the firm increase its sales revenue. Furthermore, product diversification will caution the firm against macro-environmental changes hence enhancing its financial sustainability. Product development Firms in the consumer goods industry are experiencing a challenge arising from change in consumer behaviour. The consumers’ product tastes and preferences are changing at an alarming rate. According to Wright (2006), firms that specialise in production of consumer goods are experiencing an increment in pressure to ensure that their products are inno vative and are aligned to their needs and wants. Wright (2006) further opines that â€Å"failure to address the consumers’ needs and wants may lead to loss of sales and to a complete demise of an organisation† (p.14). To survive in such an environment, it is imperative for the firms’ management team to increase its investment in research and development. The research and development will enable PG to undertake continuous and new product development. In its product development efforts, the firm should consider enhancing the content of its products. Furthermore, PG should improve its product packaging. According to Wright (2006), product packaging plays a critical role in enhancing the attractiveness of a product, which is a quintessential element in an organisation’s effort to build its brand. Investment in new and continuous product innovation will contribute towards improvement in the firm’s ability to attract and retain customers. According to Jo pson (2013), it is important for the firm to ensure that the new products are successfully launched in the market. Previously, PG has experienced botched product launches, for example the Pamper Dry Max. Furthermore, the firm experienced a challenge in its quest to launch the Tide Pods laundry (Jopson 2013). Market penetration McDonald, Brian Ward (2007) posit that market penetration entails marketing an existing product or service to an existing market. One of the strategies that the firm can adopt in its quest to achieve sufficient market penetration entails targeting the competitors’ customers. Adopting market penetration strategies will contribute towards improvement in the firm’s market share. Despite these benefits, there are a number of challenges associated with market penetration. First, targeting the competitors’ customers will increase the degree of rivalry between PG and its competitors, which might culminate in price wars hence leading to a decline in the industry’s profitability. Conclusion and recommendations The report shows PG operates in an environment that is very dynamic. Despite the challenges faced, PG has managed to survive the transformations emanating from the external business environment. One of the challenges faced by the firm relates to increment in the intensity of competition. Some of its main competitors include Kimberly-Clark, Colgate Palmolive and Johnson Johnson. Most of the industry players have adopted aggressive operational and competitive strategies such as continuous product improvement and new product development in an effort to meet the consumers’ needs. Consequently, the industry has become commoditised. Moreover, the industry’s transformation also emanates from the change in consumer behaviour. To survive in such an industry, it is essential for PG’s management team adopt effective growth strategies. Some of the strategies that the firm should consider are outlined b elow. The firm should consider expanding its market by venturing into the developing and emerging markets. Some of the markets that the firm should focus include Russia, Brazil, India and China. Market expansion will enable the firm maximise its sales revenue. Moreover, the firm will be able to achieve economies of scale. PG should also consider integrating the concept of product diversification. However, the firm should focus on fast-moving consumer goods in order to successfully exploit its capabilities and core competences. This strategy will enable PG to attract new customer groups. It is also important for the firm to consider developing products and services that are aligned with the consumers’ needs and wants. The firm can achieve this by conducting a comprehensive consumer market research. 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Wright, R 2006, Consumer behaviour, Cengage Learning, New York. Yannopoulos, P 2011, ‘Defensive and offensive strategies for market success’, International Journal of Business and Social Science, vol. 2, no. 13, pp. 1-12. This report on Procter Gamble Company was written and submitted by user Lexie Pate to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.